We learn about the world through the knowledge accumulated (积累) over thousands of years. Standing on the shoulders of great men, we don't have to experience endless trial and error, just as the wheels do not have to be reinvented each time to run a car. But where does our ability to learn from others come from?
A study led by Markus Paulus, professor at Loyola Marymount University, shows that the ability has its roots in earliest childhood. "I's generally assumed that children's ability to imitate (模仿) is in born, but according to our observation, children imitate because they themselves are imitated by caregivers. This interaction enables a cultural transfer of knowledge, which, through generations' efforts, consequently leads to the development of human beings," says Markus Paulus.
In this research, Paulus recorded the interaction between mother and child over several months. The babies came into the lab for the first time at the age of 6 months, while their final visit was when they were 18 months old. As they engaged in various play situations, the interactions and imitations of mother and child were analyzed. The long-term study showed what the more sensitive a mother was in her interactions with her six-month-old child and the more often she imitated the baby, the greater the child's overall ability was at the age of 18 months.
Paulus' research shows that mutual imitation is the keystone of knowledge transfer, through which children successfully learn various skills, such as how to use objects, waving and acquisition of language. "This interaction is the nucleus of learning and, finally, gives rise to evolutionary success of human," says Paulus.
"Culural learning is an essential part of human evolution, and it is rooted in the imitation of others, particularly oun caregivers during our earliest childhood," says Paulus. "Through this, we learn from each other and pass on knowledge to the next generation, so certain actions or techniques do not have to be constantly invented again."
Summer Claylon may not have children in real life, but he's a "proud dad" to 2.8 million people on the Internet.
Every week, he sits down to dinner and has a1 chat with his "kids". He looks into the camera and asks about their day. He2 them how to shave, and reminds them it's OK to be3 when life hurls. To some, his one-way conversations may seem4 But his efforts have struck a chord (引起共鸣) among people who 5 a father figure—or just someone who listens lo their 6 in the daily life.
Clayton is a civilian fitness trainer in real life. He started 7 on the Internet in late 2020 with- inspirational and how-to videos, and 8 jokingly called him "dad" His first video to go viral was a shaving how-10-a 9 to someone who sent him a message asking, "hey Dad, can you teach me how to shave?" The video 10 , earning him lens of thousands of new fans within hours.
Clayton's extended family comes in all11 . Many of his "kids" are old enough to be his parents. Clayton's12 doesn't seem to bother his fans. Al 58 , Sarah D'Imperio may not seem like Claylon's large audience, but she believes that it's a (n) 13 —idea , especially for youngsters who may not have a paternal (父亲的) role model that listens or has14 to listen. "It's just heartwarming to see someone, trying to 15 a small part of that role for anyone," she says.
Welcome to WSU Libraries! In this guide, we'll unlock the mysteries of call numbers and location prefixes. Knowing these helps you quickly locate and access your desired
Call Numbers
Books and material are arranged on our shelves according to the Library of Congress (LC) classification system. These call numbers uniquely identify and organize items near other material on the same or similar subjects. Consider the call number: LB2395 C65 1991.
●LB defines the subject area. The call letters are typically arranged in alphabetical (字母的) order, starting from A and continuing through the alphabet. Knowing the letter(s) for your subject area gives you a place to start browsing the shelves. For example: A—Special request General Works; B—Special request Special request Philosophy, Psychology, Religion; D—Special request World History; G—Geography; H—Special request Social Sciences; J—Special request Political Science; K—Special request Law; L—Special request Education; M—Special request Music; N—Special request Arts; P—Special request Language and Literature; Q—Special request Science...For more, click here.
●2395 is the classification number, which further distinguishes the subject matter. Read as a whole number: 1, 2, 3, 45, 100, 2430...
●C65 is the Cutter number and usually represents the author's last name. Find C, then
65. Read the number as a decimal (小数).
●1991 is the year of publication.
Location Prefixes
Some call numbers have a location prefix. I ocation prefixes mean that the book or material is shelved in a special place, and may have loan restrictions. WSU uses the following prefixes:
Prefix | Collection | Library Location | Loan Period |
[Blank] | Circulating Collection | 2nd floor, 3rd floor, and 4th floor | 21-day loan |
Ref | Reference Collection | 1st floor, Reference Area | Library-use only |
Res | Reserve Collection | 1st floor, Circulation Area | Library-use only |
Video | Audiovisuals | 2nd floor, Learning Resources Center | Special request |
Getting older means greater maturity and wisdom. In a society that is aging fast, it has become crucial to find ways to prevent related mental and emotional disorders. Music emerges as a promising look for promoting well-being of the elderly.
Music has a great power to cause strong emotions and intense pleasure.Singing and dancing to music with others is not only fun but also improves mood. Musical activities are great ways to reduce stress because they take our minds off problems. They also help us feel less lonely and more connected with other people.
A song may become a soundtrack for a particular time, such as a delightful party with friends that you had a long time ago. Listening to that song allows you to remember all the happy memories from that time.
Finally, music contributes to keeping our thinking skills sharp. It makes our brains work hard in unique ways to understand the rhythm and melody. For example, exposure to background music , particularly classical music, during cognilive ( 认知的) tasks is shown lo improve older people's cognitive processes, such as processing speed and working memory . In conclusion, music is a powerful look lo fight against aging-related emotional and cognitive problems. It is an enjoyable and social activily, available to anyone regardless of their background or previous musical experience.
A. Music can also open forgotten doors lo our memories.
B. Recalling happy memories can lift our mood on a bad day.
C. Even passive music listening can help elderly adults think better.
D. This helps people feel better when they are depressed or anxious.
E. However, it often involves a series of physical and mental challenges.
F. The ability to form new memories is essential for processing information.
G. Thus, this accessible intervention should become a major policy priority for healthy aging.
A Letter from Willa Cather to President TomaS Masaryk
Honored Sir,
Your letter, sent to me through your Legation at Washington, confers upon me great honor and gives me great pleasure. I am glad to have carried a message from the Bohemian (波希米亚) neighbors, whom I grew up with, to their home country of the
Czech Republic.
I have just returned to New York, where I had the pleasure of taking Annie Pavelka, the living "Antonia" in my book My Antonia, and six of her children to the first screening of A Lost Lady. I have the good fortune to proserve relations with most of my characters. "Antonia" and her splendid children are flesh and blood realities. Every time I go back to them, I feel how much more interesting and lovable they are than my picture of them. I wish I could present them to you in person.
I regret that I cannot satisfactorily meet your kind request for biographical (传记的) material. I avoid biographers, asking them to wait until I get my work further along. My first novel was published in 1912, and a period of twelve years is hardly long enough for a writer to find the form best suited for writing. I was not young when I began to write, and though living is a good preparation for writing, I do need more time to acquire a simple and modest way of presenting my work, however well I know what I wish to present.
I am able to send you a very good photograph taken recently. I enclose a short biographical account which my publishers use for publicity purposes, and some casual reviews. Biographies usually begin to come along just about the time a writer has no more to say, and I do not feel that time has yet come to me.
I beg you, President Masaryk, to believe in my grateful appreciation of your letter.
Respectfully yours,
Willa Cather
Every new exercise routine comes a new risk of injury, whether it' s injuring a muscle from lifting or developing knee pain from running. Some people are unwilling to exercise for fear of in-jury. There are estimated 8.6 million sports-related injuries each year in America. However, with the right methods, you can develop a well-rounded exercise routine, one that enlarges the benefits while reducing the risk of injury.
One very common issue in runners is knee pain, which is often called " runner' sknee" . To prevent it, for some people, it' s useful to warm up before running. Another common overuse injury among runners is stress fractures(骨折). This often happens when a runner tries to add too many miles too quickly, without taking enough rest days.
Both of these injuries tend to happen because runners did something out of the ordinary com-pared to what they were trained to do. Take rest days, build up your mileage(里程) gradually and combine regular strength training.
As with other injuries, the risk increases toward the end of a workout. It' s very essential to listen to your body. When it comes to making progress in a workout routine, continuous exercise with a gradual progression is strongly recommended.
Exercise can put someone at risk of injury. There should be a balance between pushing yourself to get better and pushing yourself toward an injury. So encourage yourself to do some-thing that you are confident in doing.
A. These fears are based on facts.
B. Turn to a mixture of sports doctors.
C. This type of exercise can increase the risk of injury.
D. Therefore, the risk of hurting yourself will decrease.
E. But not exercising puts someone at risk of poor health.
F. Adjust in time, especially when tiredness starts to affect your form.
G. Runners may come across two main sorts of injuries related to overuse.
What do North Carolina' s red wolves, the Eurasian beaver and Przewalski' s horse have in common?
All of them went extinct in the wild and all of them came back, thanks to reintroduction pro-grams.
Conservation scientists use translocation and captive breeding(圈养繁殖) to re-establish animal populations that have died out in the wild--either entirely or in certain areas. Reintroducing extinct-in-the-wild animals to their native territories can be a double win: helping to restore dam-aged ecosystems, as well as increasing population numbers.
But setting a species loose in the wild is a risky balancing act. Reintroductions often take years and involve multiple stages. Before bringing back a species, conservationists have to evaluate the threat level—both to and from the animal—and the role it played in the ecosystem. In places where wild populations have died out more recently, there' s a better chance of success. The less time that has passed, the more likely that environment is the same as when the species went ex-tinct. But scientists still need to address the reason why it went extinct in that environment to be-gin with.
Reintroduced animals can have a positive impact on the landscape, but how fast this happens depends on the type of animal and how damaged the environment is. Herbivores(食草动物) can make a significant change relatively quickly, while predators tend to be reintroduced slowly and carefully. Although they can be useful for managing pest species, conservationists have to ensure they don' t overhunt or threaten other vulnerable animals.
A 2020 study highlighted species reintroduction as one of the most effective ways to save endangered animals. The study estimates that conservation action between 1993 and 2020 saved up to 48 species of birds and mammals from extinction, and that the rate of extinction would have been three to four times higher, during that period, without those efforts.
A new device is helping those who are blind to see. Jason Esterhuizen lost his eyesight after a car accident. He never thought he would be able to see light or movement again. But now with the movement of a switch, his world suddenly grew brighter.
He says, " I still can' t put it into words. I mean from being able to see absolutely nothing, it' s completely black, to all of a sudden seeing a little light move around." It is not full or normal sight, but Esterhuizen can move about in the world around him.
Dr Nader Pouratian says, " Being able to tell where a doorway is, being able to tell where the sidewalk begins or ends or where the crosswalk is, are all extremely meaningful events that can help these people regain some form of independence."
The new technology—called Orion—uses several parts. One is a small device placed in the brain. The other parts are a video camera on sunglasses and a processing device that can be carried in a person' s clothes. When the user points the camera, a signal goes to the processor(处理器)and then back to the glasses. The glasses then communicate wirelessly with the device in the brain. The information causes a pattern to develop in the part of the brain. The pattern helps users detect(识别) movement and shapes of light. And it all happens in seconds.
Pouratian says this technology is a first. " We basically have the video camera and the video processing unit performing the functions of what the eye normally does," he adds.
Esterhuizen says that now he can do everyday activities around his home that he once could not. " Crossing the road is much easier and much safer for me because I can look down and just follow the white line that' s painted on the road."
The researchers believe that one day this technology could help people who have lost their vision because of illnesses like glaucoma(青光眼) or diabetes. It may also help those with poor vision or who were born blind.